RETRACTED ARTICLE: Direct measurements of the C+C reactions cross-sections towards astrophysical energies

L. Morales-Gallegos; M. Aliotta; L. Gialanella; A. Best; C. G. Bruno; R. Buompane; T. Davinson; M. De Cesare; A. Di Leva; A. D’Onofrio; J. G. Duarte; L. R. Gasques; G. Imbriani; G. Porzio; D. Rapagnani; M. Romoli; F. Terrasi

doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00717-7

2024 Impact factor 2.8

Hadrons and Nuclei

Open Access

This article has a note: [https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01022-7]

This article is a note for:
[https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01022-7]

Eur. Phys. J. A (2022) 58: 65
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00717-7

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Direct measurements of the $^{12}$ $^{12}$ C+ $^{12}$ $^{12}$ C reactions cross-sections towards astrophysical energies

L. Morales-Gallegos¹^,2^,3^a, M. Aliotta¹^,2, L. Gialanella¹^,3, A. Best³^,5, C. G. Bruno², R. Buompane¹^,3, T. Davinson², M. De Cesare³^,4, A. Di Leva³^,5, A. D’Onofrio¹^,3, J. G. Duarte¹^,3^,6, L. R. Gasques¹^,3^,7, G. Imbriani³^,5, G. Porzio¹, D. Rapagnani¹^,3, M. Romoli³ and F. Terrasi¹^,3

¹ Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
² SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
³ INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
⁴ Centro Italiano di Ricerche Aerospaziali, Capua, Italy
⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica “E. Pancini”, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
⁶ Nuclear and Particle Physics Group, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA 94550, Livermore, USA
⁷ Departamento de Física Nuclear, Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

^a moralesgallegos@na.infn.it

Received: 25 January 2021
Accepted: 22 March 2022
Published online: 12 April 2022

Abstract

Carbon fusion reactions $^{12}$ $^{12}$ C( $^{12}$ $^{12}$ C,p) $^{23}$ $^{23}$ Na and $^{12}$ $^{12}$ C( $^{12}$ $^{12}$ C, $α$ $\alpha$ ) $^{20}$ $^{20}$ Ne play a key role in the evolution of massive stars and in explosive scenarios such as type-Ia supernovae and super-bursts in binary stars. A direct determination of their cross sections is extremely challenging and discrepancies exist between different data sets in the literature. Here we report the results of a direct measurement performed at the CIRCE Tandem Accelerator Laboratory in Caserta (Italy), using $Δ E - E$ $\varDelta E-E$ detectors for unambiguous charge identification. Cross sections were measured in the energy range $E_{c . m .} = 2.51 - 4.36$ $E_{\mathrm{c.m.}} =2.51{-}4.36$ MeV with energy steps between 10 and 25 keV in the centre of mass. To our knowledge these represent the finest energy steps to date. Results are presented in the form of partial and summed astrophysical $\tilde{S}$ ${\tilde{S}}$ -factors for individual proton- and $α$ $\alpha$ -particle channels. Branching ratios of individual proton- and $α$ $\alpha$ -particle groups were found to vary significantly with energy. Angular distributions, albeit limited to three angles, were also found to be non-isotropic, which could be a potential explanation for the discrepancies observed among different data sets. Further efforts are ongoing to extend measurements to lower energies.

Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00717-7.

This article has been retracted. Please see the retraction notice for more detail:https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01022-7

A retraction note to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01022-7.

Copyright comment corrected publication 2022

Retraction note: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01022-7

© The Author(s) 2022. corrected publication 2022

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