Eur. Phys. J. A (2012) 48: 168
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2012-12168-4

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

QGP flow fluctuations and the characteristics of higher moments

¹ Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, 5007, Bergen, Norway
² Institute of Particle Physics, Huazhong Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China
³ Uni Computing, Thormøhlensgate 55, N-5008, Bergen, Norway
⁴ China Institute of Atomic Energy, P.O. Box 275 (10), 102413, Beijing, China

Received: 12 March 2012
Accepted: 21 September 2012
Published online: 28 November 2012

Abstract

The dynamical development of expanding Quark-gluon Plasma (QGP) flow is studied in a 3+1D fluid dynamical model with a globally symmetric, initial condition. We minimize fluctuations arising from complex dynamical processes at finite impact parameters and from fluctuating random initial conditions to have a conservative fluid dynamical background estimate for the statistical distributions of the thermodynamical parameters. We also avoid a phase transition in the equation of state, and we let the matter supercool during the expansion. Then central Pb + Pb collisions at TeV are studied in an almost perfect fluid dynamical model, with azimuthally symmetric initial state generated in a dynamical flux-tube model. The general development of thermodynamical extensives are also shown for lower energies. We observe considerable deviations from a thermal equilibrium source, changing skewness and kurtosis by time depending on beam energy as a consequence of the fluid dynamical expansion arising from a least fluctuating initial state.