Proton, deuteron and triton flow measurements in Au+Au collisions at  GeV

J. Adamczewski-Musch; O. Arnold; C. Behnke; A. Belounnas; J. C. Berger-Chen; A. Blanco; C. Blume; M. Böhmer; P. Bordalo; L. Chlad; I. Ciepal; C. Deveaux; J. Dreyer; E. Epple; L. Fabbietti; P. Filip; P. Fonte; C. Franco; J. Friese; I. Fröhlich; T. Galatyuk; J. A. Garzón; R. Gernhäuser; R. Greifenhagen; M. Gumberidze; S. Harabasz; T. Heinz; T. Hennino; S. Hlavac; C. Höhne; R. Holzmann; B. Kämpfer; B. Kardan; I. Koenig; W. Koenig; M. Kohls; B. W. Kolb; G. Korcyl; G. Kornakov; F. Kornas; R. Kotte; A. Kugler; T. Kunz; R. Lalik; K. Lapidus; L. Lopes; M. Lorenz; T. Mahmoud; L. Maier; A. Malige; A. Mangiarotti; J. Markert; T. Matulewicz; S. Maurus; V. Metag; J. Michel; D. M. Mihaylov; C. Müntz; R. Münzer; L. Naumann; K. Nowakowski; Y. Parpottas; V. Pechenov; O. Pechenova; K. Piasecki; J. Pietraszko; W. Przygoda; K. Pysz; S. Ramos; B. Ramstein; N. Rathod; P. Rodriguez-Ramos; P. Rosier; A. Rost; A. Rustamov; P. Salabura; T. Scheib; H. Schuldes; E. Schwab; F. Scozzi; F. Seck; P. Sellheim; I. Selyuzhenkov; J. Siebenson; L. Silva; U. Singh; J. Smyrski; Yu. G. Sobolev; S. Spataro; S. Spies; H. Ströbele; J. Stroth; C. Sturm; O. Svoboda; M. Szala; P. Tlusty; M. Traxler; H. Tsertos; V. Wagner; C. Wendisch; M. G. Wiebusch; J. Wirth; D. Wójcik; P. Zumbruch

doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00936-6

2023 Impact factor 2.6

Hadrons and Nuclei

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. A (2023) 59: 80
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00936-6

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Proton, deuteron and triton flow measurements in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 2.4$ $\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}}}= 2.4$ GeV

J. Adamczewski-Musch⁵, O. Arnold⁹^,10, C. Behnke⁸, A. Belounnas¹³, J. C. Berger-Chen⁹^,10, A. Blanco², C. Blume⁸, M. Böhmer¹⁰, P. Bordalo², L. Chlad¹⁴, I. Ciepal³, C. Deveaux¹¹, J. Dreyer⁷, E. Epple⁹^,10, L. Fabbietti⁹^,10, P. Filip¹, P. Fonte²^,19, C. Franco², J. Friese¹⁰, I. Fröhlich⁸, T. Galatyuk⁵^,6, J. A. Garzón¹⁵, R. Gernhäuser¹⁰, R. Greifenhagen⁷^,20, M. Gumberidze⁵^,6, S. Harabasz⁴^,6, T. Heinz⁵, T. Hennino¹³, S. Hlavac¹, C. Höhne⁵^,11, R. Holzmann⁵, B. Kämpfer⁷^,20, B. Kardan⁸, I. Koenig⁵, W. Koenig⁵, M. Kohls⁸, B. W. Kolb⁵, G. Korcyl⁴, G. Kornakov⁶, F. Kornas⁶, R. Kotte⁷, A. Kugler¹⁴, T. Kunz¹⁰, R. Lalik⁴, K. Lapidus⁹^,10, L. Lopes², M. Lorenz⁸, T. Mahmoud¹¹, L. Maier¹⁰, A. Malige⁴, A. Mangiarotti², J. Markert⁵, T. Matulewicz¹⁶, S. Maurus¹⁰, V. Metag¹¹, J. Michel⁸, D. M. Mihaylov⁹^,10, C. Müntz⁸, R. Münzer⁹^,10, L. Naumann⁷, K. Nowakowski⁴, Y. Parpottas¹⁸, V. Pechenov⁵, O. Pechenova⁵, K. Piasecki¹⁶, J. Pietraszko⁵, W. Przygoda⁴, K. Pysz³, S. Ramos², B. Ramstein¹³, N. Rathod⁴, P. Rodriguez-Ramos¹⁴, P. Rosier¹³, A. Rost⁶, A. Rustamov⁵^cf, P. Salabura⁴, T. Scheib⁸, H. Schuldes⁸, E. Schwab⁵, F. Scozzi⁶^,13, F. Seck⁶, P. Sellheim⁸, I. Selyuzhenkov⁵, J. Siebenson¹⁰, L. Silva², U. Singh⁴, J. Smyrski⁴, Yu. G. Sobolev¹⁴, S. Spataro¹⁷, S. Spies⁸, H. Ströbele⁸, J. Stroth⁵^,8, C. Sturm⁵, O. Svoboda¹⁴, M. Szala⁸, P. Tlusty¹⁴, M. Traxler⁵, H. Tsertos¹², V. Wagner¹⁴, C. Wendisch⁵, M. G. Wiebusch⁵, J. Wirth⁹^,10, D. Wójcik¹⁶, P. Zumbruch⁵ and HADES collaboration

¹ Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84228, Bratislava, Slovakia
² LIP-Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal
³ Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31342, Kraków, Poland
⁴ Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University of Cracow, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
⁵ GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
⁶ Technische Universität Darmstadt, 64289, Darmstadt, Germany
⁷ Institut für Strahlenphysik, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01314, Dresden, Germany
⁸ Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
⁹ Excellence Cluster ‘Origin and Structure of the Universe’, 85748, Garching, Germany
¹⁰ Physik Department E62, Technische Universität München, 85748, Garching, Germany
¹¹ II.Physikalisches Institut, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
¹² Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus
¹³ Laboratoire de Physique des 2 infinis Irène Joliot-Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS-IN2P3, 91405, Orsay, France
¹⁴ Nuclear Physics Institute, The Czech Academy of Sciences, 25068, Rez, Czech Republic
¹⁵ LabCAF. F. Física, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
¹⁶ Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Fizyki, Instytut Fizyki Doświadczalnej, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
¹⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica and INFN, Università di Torino, 10125, Torino, Italy
¹⁸ Frederick University, 1036, Nicosia, Cyprus
¹⁹ Coimbra Polytechnic - ISEC, Coimbra, Portugal
²⁰ Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany

^cf hades-info@gsi.de

Received: 8 August 2022
Accepted: 29 January 2023
Published online: 18 April 2023

Abstract

High-precision measurements of flow coefficients $v_{n}$ $v_{n}$ ( $n = 1 - 4$ $$n = 1 - 4$$ ) for protons, deuterons and tritons relative to the first-order spectator plane have been performed in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 2.4$ $\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}}}= 2.4$ GeV with the High-Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at the SIS18/GSI. Flow coefficients are studied as a function of transverse momentum $p_{t}$ $p_{{\text {t}}}$ and rapidity $y_{cm}$ $y_{{\text {cm}}}$ over a large region of phase-space and for several classes of collision centrality. A clear mass hierarchy, as expected by relativistic hydrodynamics, is found for the slope of $v_{1}$ $v_{1}$ , $d v_{1} / d y^{'} |_{y^{'} = 0}$ $d v_{1}/d y^{\prime }|_{y^{\prime } = 0}$ where $y^{'}$ $y^{\prime }$ is the scaled rapidity, and for $v_{2}$ $v_{2}$ at mid-rapidity. Scaling with the number of nucleons is observed for the $p_{t}$ $p_{{\text {t}}}$ dependence of $v_{2}$ $v_{2}$ and $v_{4}$ $v_{4}$ at mid-rapidity, which is indicative for nuclear coalescence as the main process responsible for light nuclei formation. $v_{2}$ $v_{2}$ is found to scale with the initial eccentricity $⟨ ϵ_{2} ⟩$ $\langle \epsilon _{2} \rangle$ , while $v_{4}$ $v_{4}$ scales with ${⟨ ϵ_{2} ⟩}^{2}$ $\langle \epsilon _{2} \rangle ^{2}$ and $⟨ ϵ_{4} ⟩$ $\langle \epsilon _{4} \rangle$ . The multi-differential high-precision data on $v_{1}$ $v_{1}$ , $v_{2}$ $v_{2}$ , $v_{3}$ $v_{3}$ , and $v_{4}$ $v_{4}$ provides important constraints on the equation-of-state of compressed baryonic matter.

R. Greifenhagen: deceased.

© The Author(s) 2023

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Proton, deuteron and triton flow measurements in Au+Au collisions at sNN=2.4 GeV

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Proton, deuteron and triton flow measurements in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} = 2.4$ $\sqrt{s_{_{{\text {NN}}}}}= 2.4$ GeV