https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01608-3
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Role of clustered nuclear geometry in particle production through p–C and p–O collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, Indore, India
a
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Received:
20
April
2025
Accepted:
31
May
2025
Published online:
14
June
2025
Abstract
Long-range multi-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions have shown conclusive evidence of the hydrodynamic behavior of strongly interacting matter and are associated with the final-state azimuthal momentum anisotropy. In small collision systems, azimuthal anisotropy can be influenced by the hadronization mechanism and residual jet-like correlations. Thus, one of the motives of the planned p–O and O–O collisions at the LHC and RHIC is to understand the origin of small system collectivity. As the anisotropic flow coefficients (
) are sensitive to the initial-state effects including nuclear shape, deformation, and charge density profiles, studies involving 
C and 
O nuclei are transpiring due to the presence of exotic 
(
He) clusters in such nuclei. In this study, for the first time, we investigate the effects of nuclear –clusters on the azimuthal anisotropy of the final-state hadrons in p–C and p–O collisions at 
TeV within a multi-phase transport model framework. We report the transverse momentum (
) and pseudorapidity (
) spectra, participant eccentricity (
) and triangularity (
), and estimate the elliptic flow (
) and triangular flow (
) of the final-state hadrons using the two-particle cumulant method. These results are compared with a model-independent Sum of Gaussians (SOG) type nuclear density profile for C and O nuclei.
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Communicated by Che-Ming Ko.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
