https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01651-0
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Development of the self-calibration technique for 
-ray energy tracking arrays
1
School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
2
Daresbury Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Keckwick Lane, Warrington, UK
3
University of Liverpool, Oliver Lodge Building, L69 7ZE, Liverpool, UK
Received:
14
April
2025
Accepted:
18
July
2025
Published online:
20
August
2025
Determining the three-dimensional -ray interaction position in -ray tracking arrays is achieved by comparing in real time the measured electronic signals against a pre-generated library of calculated signals (signal basis) that maps the detector response throughout the crystal volume. Obtaining a high-fidelity signal basis remains a significant technological challenge that often limits the ultimate performance of the arrays. To address this, a self-calibration method was proposed to generate the signal basis experimentally, in an iterative way and in situ; its potential has been demonstrated in a proof-of-concept study using a simplistic geometry. In this article, we extend and refine this innovative technique for -ray tracking arrays using realistic simulations of the actual crystal geometries and including pulse-shape analysis that mimics the reconstruction that takes place experimentally. Key factors determining the performance of the method, such as the conditions for position convergence, statistical requirements, the impact of convoluting electronic noise to the signals, and the time alignment are investigated systematically within this framework. The results show that the method is robust and holds promise for generating high-fidelity signal basis experimentally. The analysis framework established in this work sets the stage for applying the self-calibration technique to real experimental data.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
