https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01667-6
Regular Article –Theoretical Physics
Influence of excluded volume corrections on hadronic yield in high-energy nuclear collisions
1
Department of Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, 110025, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Computer Science, Asian School of Business, 201303, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
3
Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, 211002, Prayagraj, India
Received:
4
June
2025
Accepted:
13
August
2025
Published online:
28
August
2025
This article presents a comprehensive study of various particle ratios involving strange and non-strange hadrons across a wide range of center-of-mass energies from the lowest energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) to the highest at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We utilize the excluded-volume hadron resonance gas (EV-HRG) model to calculate these ratios, assigning a hard-core size to each baryon and anti-baryon to account for repulsive interactions. To explore potential differences in the production mechanisms of strange versus non-strange hadrons, we incorporate a strangeness suppression factor (
) into our formulation. Additionally, we compare our results with those obtained from other theoretical approaches, including the van der Waals (vdW) model, transport models such as the A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) model and the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) model, as well as from effective theory frameworks like the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model. Our analysis shows that a baryon and anti-baryon hard-core radius of 0.59 fm provides a good fit to the experimental data. Overall, this study highlights the strengths and predictive accuracy of various statistical thermal, transport, and effective theory models, with the EV-HRG model demonstrating particularly strong agreement with experimental observations.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
