https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01701-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Mass spectra of 
, 
and 
tetraquarks using Regge phenomenology
Department of Physics, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, 395007, Surat, Gujarat, India
Received:
7
April
2025
Accepted:
15
September
2025
Published online:
26
September
2025
In this paper, we explore the mass spectra of , and tetraquarks by employing Regge phenomenology. We calculate the range for ground state masses of tetraquarks, and estimate the Regge parameters for their trajectories in 
plane. Using these Regge parameters we have calculated range for the excited state masses of , and tetraquarks in plane. Also, we have investigated the mass spectra of , and tetraquarks for their excited radial states in 
plane. We predict the potential quantum numbers of some newly observed experimental states, which necessitate additional validation, and assess the higher orbital and radial excited states that may be identified in the near future. The obtained mass relations and mass values of tetraquarks can be useful in future experimental searches and the spin-parity assignment of these states. Our findings provide valuable insights into the structure and properties of tetraquarks, contributing to the broader understanding of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
