https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01732-0
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Theoretical study of normal deformed rotational bands of odd-mass 
Lu nuclei
1
Facultad de Física, Universidad Veracruzana, Paseo No. 112, Des. Hab. Nvo. Xalapa, 91097, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
2
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-542, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
3
Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
a
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Received:
23
August
2025
Accepted:
27
October
2025
Published online:
11
November
2025
Abstract
The theoretical description of nuclear structure in rare earth nuclei represents a significant challenge for many shell models. This difficulty stems from the size of the configuration space involved. Methods based on symmetries provide significant advantages. Furthermore, the pseudo-SU(3) shell model has proven to be very useful in the description of these systems. In particular, we propose to study the energy spectra of the rotational bands with normal deformation at low and medium spin (
), the quadrupole moments, and the deformation parameter 
associated with the states, as well as the B(E2) transition strengths in the Lu nuclei. The Hamiltonian includes 
, Nilsson, and pairing terms, parameterized in a systematic way, in addition to three rotor-like terms that enable fine tuning of the spectra. Our calculations predict collective rotational bands with prolate normal deformation in most cases. The exception is the 
band in 
Lu with a triaxial shape. The quadrupole moments vary along the bands, increasing in absolute value with spin. The deformation parameter remains nearly constant along the bands, and the B(E2) values suggest bands with collective character and normal deformation. The agreement and limitations of the model are discussed.
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Communicated by Kamila Sieja.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
