https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01749-5
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Nuclear modification factor within a dynamical approach to the complex entropic index
1
Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, 05508-090, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406, Kielce, Poland
3
Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear and Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, Avenida de Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
4
National Centre For Nuclear Research, Pasteura 7, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
Received:
22
October
2025
Accepted:
8
November
2025
Published online:
27
November
2025
This work introduces a novel approach to the nuclear deformation factor 
grounded in the dynamical effects of the Quark-Gluon Plasma on parton momentum. The approach uses the Blast-Wave method combined with Tsallis Statistics, within the Cooper–Frye freeze-out framework and, by profiting from appropriate simplifications, it gives analytical expressions that describe the observed 
for two sets of independent measurements at 
TeV and 
TeV. A nonlinear dynamical equation describes the dynamics and leads to log-periodic oscillations. With the analytical solutions for that equation, it is possible to link the dynamical approach with the complex-q formalism, which was proposed to describe the log-oscillations observed in experimental data.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01749-5.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
