https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-026-01790-y
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Selective semi-saturation measurement of spin-1
Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
a
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Received:
30
May
2025
Accepted:
8
January
2026
Published online:
24
February
2026
Abstract
Tensor polarization in spin-1 systems is essential for accessing unique observables in nuclear and hadronic structure studies, particularly in experiments probing gluon and quark distributions. Accurate measurement of tensor polarization enhances sensitivity to tensor-polarized observables, which are critical for isolating partonic degrees of freedom in nuclei and exploring nucleon structure in bound states. This work presents an overview of limitations in direct measurements of tensor polarization from the NMR absorption line and a proposal for improved measurement instrumentation and techniques. These methods attempt to avoid biased assumptions to improve precision while helping to quantify measurement error, especially under the application of frequency-selective radiofrequency techniques that locally manipulate spin populations. Non-equilibrium spin dynamics, spin diffusion, and rate equation modeling are helpful to characterize the response of the spin system in these circumstances. The impact of instrumental constraints, including fitting error, binning resolution, sweep rate, data acquisition system bandwidth, and evolution of the spin system during NMR measurements, is discussed. Mitigation strategies are proposed using real-time signal processing and edge computing. These developments can support accurate, adaptive control of tensor polarization and improve the figure of merit in scattering experiments that rely on spin-1 polarized targets.
Copyright comment Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
Communicated by Patrizia Rossi.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
