Eur. Phys. J. A (2005) 23: 61-68
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10031-y

Spallation neutron spectrum on a massive lead/paraffin target irradiated with 1 GeV protons

¹ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR), 141980, Dubna, Russia
² HENP Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Rajasthan, 302004, Jaipur, India
³ Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ), 52425, Jülich, Germany
⁴ Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps University, 35032, Marburg, Germany

^* e-mail: kumawat@jinr.ru;

Received: 24 March 2004
Accepted: 11 November 2004
Published online: 29 November 2004

Abstract

The gamma-ray spectra emitted by decaying of residual nuclei produced by spallation neutrons in (n, xn), (n, xnyp), (n, p), (n, γ) reactions with activation threshold detectors, i.e. ²⁰⁹Bi, ¹⁹⁷Au, ⁵⁹Co, ¹¹⁵In, ²³²Th, were measured in the Laboratory of Nuclear Problems (LNP), JINR, Dubna, Russia. Spallation neutrons were generated by bombarding a 20 cm long cylindrical lead target with 8 cm diameter surrounded by a 6 cm thick layer of paraffin moderator with 1 GeV proton beam from the NUCLOTRON accelerator. Reaction rates and a spallation neutron spectrum were measured and compared with CASCADE code calculations.