https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2006-10123-8
Dynamics and Thermodynamics with Nuclear Degrees of Freedom
Detection
1
Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, Indiana University, 47405, Bloomington, IN, USA
2
Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay, CNRS-IN2P3, F-91406, Orsay, France
3
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN and Università di Catania, I-95123, Catania, Italy
4
GSI mbH, D-64291, Darmstadt, Germany
* e-mail: leneindre@ipno.in2p3.fr
Received:
4
April
2006
Accepted:
5
June
2006
Published online:
24
October
2006
This review on second- and third-generation multidetectors devoted to heavy-ion collisions aims to cover the last twenty years. The presented list of devices is not exhaustive but regroups most of the techniques used during this period for nuclear reactions at intermediate energy (≃ 10A MeV to 1A GeV), both for charged-particle and neutron detection. The main part will be devoted to 4π multidetectors, projectile decay fragmentation, high-resolution magnetic spectrometers, auxiliary detectors and neutron detection. The last part will present the progress in electronics and detection in view of the construction of future-generation detectors.
PACS: 29.30.Aj Charged-particle spectrometers: electric and magnetic – / 29.40.Cs Gas-filled counters: ionization chambers, proportional, and avalanche counters – / 29.40.Mc Scintillation detectors – / 29.40.Wk Solid-state detectors –
© Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag, 2006
