Multidimensional study of hadronization in nuclei

A. Airapetian; N. Akopov; Z. Akopov; E. C. Aschenauer; W. Augustyniak; R. Avakian; A. Avetissian; E. Avetisyan; S. Belostotski; N. Bianchi; H. P. Blok; A. Borissov; J. Bowles; I. Brodski; V. Bryzgalov; J. Burns; M. Capiluppi; G. P. Capitani; E. Cisbani; G. Ciullo; M. Contalbrigo; P. F. Dalpiaz; W. Deconinck; R. De Leo; L. De Nardo; E. De Sanctis; M. Diefenthaler; P. Di Nezza; M. Düren; M. Ehrenfried; G. Elbakian; F. Ellinghaus; R. Fabbri; A. Fantoni; L. Felawka; S. Frullani; G. Gapienko; V. Gapienko; G. Gavrilov; V. Gharibyan; F. Giordano; S. Gliske; M. Golembiovskaya; L. Grigoryan; C. Hadjidakis; M. Hartig; D. Hasch; A. Hillenbrand; M. Hoek; Y. Holler; I. Hristova; Y. Imazu; A. Ivanilov; H. E. Jackson; H. S. Jo; S. Joosten; R. Kaiser; G. Karyan; T. Keri; E. Kinney; A. Kisselev; N. Kobayashi; V. Korotkov; V. Kozlov; P. Kravchenko; V. G. Krivokhijine; L. Lagamba; L. Lapikás; I. Lehmann; P. Lenisa; A. López Ruiz; W. Lorenzon; X. -G. Lu; X. -R. Lu; B. -Q. Ma; D. Mahon; N. C. R. Makins; S. I. Manaenkov; L. Manfré; Y. Mao; B. Marianski; A. Martinez de la Ossa; H. Marukyan; C. A. Miller; Y. Miyachi; A. Movsisyan; V. Muccifora; M. Murray; A. Mussgiller; E. Nappi; Y. Naryshkin; A. Nass; M. Negodaev; W. -D. Nowak; L. L. Pappalardo; R. Perez-Benito; A. Petrosyan; M. Raithel; P. E. Reimer; A. R. Reolon; C. Riedl; K. Rith; G. Rosner; A. Rostomyan; J. Rubin; D. Ryckbosch; Y. Salomatin; F. Sanftl; A. Schäfer; G. Schnell; B. Seitz; T. -A. Shibata; V. Shutov; M. Stancari; M. Statera; E. Steffens; J. J. M. Steijger; J. Stewart; F. Stinzing; S. Taroian; R. Truty; A. Trzcinski; M. Tytgat; A. Vandenbroucke; Y. Van Haarlem; C. Van Hulse; D. Veretennikov; V. Vikhrov; I. Vilardi; C. Vogel; S. Wang; S. Yaschenko; Z. Ye; S. Yen; W. Yu; V. Zagrebelnyy; D. Zeiler; B. Zihlmann; P. Zupranski

doi:10.1140/epja/i2011-11113-5

2024 Impact factor 2.8

Hadrons and Nuclei

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. A (2011) 47: 113
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11113-5

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Multidimensional study of hadronization in nuclei

The HERMES Collaboration
A. Airapetian¹²^,15, N. Akopov²⁶, Z. Akopov⁵, E. C. Aschenauer⁶^,a, W. Augustyniak²⁵, R. Avakian²⁶, A. Avetissian²⁶, E. Avetisyan⁵, S. Belostotski¹⁸, N. Bianchi¹⁰, H. P. Blok¹⁷^,24, A. Borissov⁵, J. Bowles¹³, I. Brodski¹², V. Bryzgalov¹⁹, J. Burns¹³, M. Capiluppi⁹, G. P. Capitani¹⁰, E. Cisbani²¹, G. Ciullo⁹, M. Contalbrigo⁹, P. F. Dalpiaz⁹, W. Deconinck⁵, R. De Leo², L. De Nardo¹¹^,5, E. De Sanctis¹⁰, M. Diefenthaler¹⁴^,8, P. Di Nezza¹⁰, M. Düren¹², M. Ehrenfried¹², G. Elbakian²⁶, F. Ellinghaus⁴, R. Fabbri⁶, A. Fantoni¹⁰, L. Felawka²², S. Frullani²¹, G. Gapienko¹⁹, V. Gapienko¹⁹, G. Gavrilov⁵^,18^,22, V. Gharibyan²⁶, F. Giordano⁵^,9, S. Gliske¹⁵, M. Golembiovskaya⁶, L. Grigoryan²⁶, C. Hadjidakis¹⁰, M. Hartig⁵, D. Hasch¹⁰, A. Hillenbrand⁶, M. Hoek¹³, Y. Holler⁵, I. Hristova⁶, Y. Imazu²³, A. Ivanilov¹⁹, H. E. Jackson¹, H. S. Jo¹¹, S. Joosten¹⁴, R. Kaiser¹³^,b, G. Karyan²⁶, T. Keri¹³^,12, E. Kinney⁴, A. Kisselev¹⁸, N. Kobayashi²³, V. Korotkov¹⁹, V. Kozlov¹⁶, P. Kravchenko⁸^,18, V. G. Krivokhijine⁷, L. Lagamba², L. Lapikás¹⁷, I. Lehmann¹³, P. Lenisa⁹, A. López Ruiz¹¹, W. Lorenzon¹⁵, X. -G. Lu⁶, X. -R. Lu²³, B. -Q. Ma³, D. Mahon¹³, N. C. R. Makins¹⁴, S. I. Manaenkov¹⁸, L. Manfré²¹, Y. Mao³, B. Marianski²⁵, A. Martinez de la Ossa⁵^,4, H. Marukyan²⁶, C. A. Miller²², Y. Miyachi²³^,c, A. Movsisyan²⁶, V. Muccifora¹⁰, M. Murray¹³, A. Mussgiller⁵^,8, E. Nappi², Y. Naryshkin¹⁸, A. Nass⁸, M. Negodaev⁶, W. -D. Nowak⁶, L. L. Pappalardo⁹, R. Perez-Benito¹², A. Petrosyan²⁶, M. Raithel⁸, P. E. Reimer¹, A. R. Reolon¹⁰, C. Riedl⁶, K. Rith⁸, G. Rosner¹³, A. Rostomyan⁵, J. Rubin¹^,14, D. Ryckbosch¹¹, Y. Salomatin¹⁹, F. Sanftl²⁰^,23, A. Schäfer²⁰, G. Schnell⁶^,11^,30^,d^,*, B. Seitz¹³, T. -A. Shibata²³, V. Shutov⁷, M. Stancari⁹, M. Statera⁹, E. Steffens⁸, J. J. M. Steijger¹⁷, J. Stewart⁶, F. Stinzing⁸, S. Taroian²⁶, R. Truty¹⁴, A. Trzcinski²⁵, M. Tytgat¹¹, A. Vandenbroucke¹¹, Y. Van Haarlem¹¹, C. Van Hulse¹¹, D. Veretennikov¹⁸, V. Vikhrov¹⁸, I. Vilardi², C. Vogel⁸, S. Wang³, S. Yaschenko⁶^,8, Z. Ye⁵, S. Yen²², W. Yu¹², V. Zagrebelnyy⁵^,12, D. Zeiler⁸, B. Zihlmann⁵ and P. Zupranski²⁵

¹ Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 60439-4843, Argonne, Illinois, USA
² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
³ School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
⁴ Nuclear Physics Laboratory, University of Colorado, 80309-0390, Boulder, Colorado, USA
⁵ DESY, 22603, Hamburg, Germany
⁶ DESY, 15738, Zeuthen, Germany
⁷ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia
⁸ Physikalisches Institut, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
¹⁰ Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, 00044, Frascati, Italy
¹¹ Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent, 9000, Gent, Belgium
¹² Physikalisches Institut, Universität Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
¹³ SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
¹⁴ Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 61801-3080, Urbana, Illinois, USA
¹⁵ Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, 48109-1040, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
¹⁶ Lebedev Physical Institute, 117924, Moscow, Russia
¹⁷ National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef), 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁸ Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
¹⁹ Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Moscow Region, Russia
²⁰ Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
²¹ Gruppo Collegato Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, 00161, Roma, Italy
²² TRIUMF, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²³ Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 152, Tokyo, Japan
²⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
²⁵ National Centre for Nuclear Research, 00-689, Warsaw, Poland
²⁶ Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036, Yerevan, Armenia
³⁰ Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

^* e-mail: gunar.schnell@desy.de

Received: 26 July 2011
Accepted: 29 August 2011
Published online: 27 September 2011

Abstract

Hadron multiplicities in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering were measured on neon, krypton, and xenon targets relative to deuterium at an electron(positron)-beam energy of 27.6GeV at HERMES. These ratios were determined as a function of the virtual-photon energy $\nu$ , its virtuality Q², the fractional hadron energy z and the transverse hadron momentum with respect to the virtual-photon direction p_t. Dependences were analysed separately for positively and negatively charged pions and kaons as well as protons and antiprotons in a two-dimensional representation. Compared to the one-dimensional dependences, some new features were observed. In particular, when z > 0.4 positive kaons do not show the strong monotonic rise of the multiplicity ratio with $\nu$ as exhibited by pions and negative kaons. Protons were found to behave very differently from the other hadrons.