Multidimensional study of hadronization in nuclei

A. Airapetian; N. Akopov; Z. Akopov; E. C. Aschenauer; W. Augustyniak; R. Avakian; A. Avetissian; E. Avetisyan; S. Belostotski; N. Bianchi; H. P. Blok; A. Borissov; J. Bowles; I. Brodski; V. Bryzgalov; J. Burns; M. Capiluppi; G. P. Capitani; E. Cisbani; G. Ciullo; M. Contalbrigo; P. F. Dalpiaz; W. Deconinck; R. De Leo; L. De Nardo; E. De Sanctis; M. Diefenthaler; P. Di Nezza; M. Düren; M. Ehrenfried; G. Elbakian; F. Ellinghaus; R. Fabbri; A. Fantoni; L. Felawka; S. Frullani; G. Gapienko; V. Gapienko; G. Gavrilov; V. Gharibyan; F. Giordano; S. Gliske; M. Golembiovskaya; L. Grigoryan; C. Hadjidakis; M. Hartig; D. Hasch; A. Hillenbrand; M. Hoek; Y. Holler; I. Hristova; Y. Imazu; A. Ivanilov; H. E. Jackson; H. S. Jo; S. Joosten; R. Kaiser; G. Karyan; T. Keri; E. Kinney; A. Kisselev; N. Kobayashi; V. Korotkov; V. Kozlov; P. Kravchenko; V. G. Krivokhijine; L. Lagamba; L. Lapikás; I. Lehmann; P. Lenisa; A. López Ruiz; W. Lorenzon; X. -G. Lu; X. -R. Lu; B. -Q. Ma; D. Mahon; N. C. R. Makins; S. I. Manaenkov; L. Manfré; Y. Mao; B. Marianski; A. Martinez de la Ossa; H. Marukyan; C. A. Miller; Y. Miyachi; A. Movsisyan; V. Muccifora; M. Murray; A. Mussgiller; E. Nappi; Y. Naryshkin; A. Nass; M. Negodaev; W. -D. Nowak; L. L. Pappalardo; R. Perez-Benito; A. Petrosyan; M. Raithel; P. E. Reimer; A. R. Reolon; C. Riedl; K. Rith; G. Rosner; A. Rostomyan; J. Rubin; D. Ryckbosch; Y. Salomatin; F. Sanftl; A. Schäfer; G. Schnell; B. Seitz; T. -A. Shibata; V. Shutov; M. Stancari; M. Statera; E. Steffens; J. J. M. Steijger; J. Stewart; F. Stinzing; S. Taroian; R. Truty; A. Trzcinski; M. Tytgat; A. Vandenbroucke; Y. Van Haarlem; C. Van Hulse; D. Veretennikov; V. Vikhrov; I. Vilardi; C. Vogel; S. Wang; S. Yaschenko; Z. Ye; S. Yen; W. Yu; V. Zagrebelnyy; D. Zeiler; B. Zihlmann; P. Zupranski

doi:10.1140/epja/i2011-11113-5

2020 Impact factor 3.043

Hadrons and Nuclei

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. A (2011) 47: 113
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2011-11113-5

Regular Article - Experimental Physics

Multidimensional study of hadronization in nuclei

The HERMES Collaboration
A. Airapetian¹²^,15, N. Akopov²⁶, Z. Akopov⁵, E. C. Aschenauer⁶^,a, W. Augustyniak²⁵, R. Avakian²⁶, A. Avetissian²⁶, E. Avetisyan⁵, S. Belostotski¹⁸, N. Bianchi¹⁰, H. P. Blok¹⁷^,24, A. Borissov⁵, J. Bowles¹³, I. Brodski¹², V. Bryzgalov¹⁹, J. Burns¹³, M. Capiluppi⁹, G. P. Capitani¹⁰, E. Cisbani²¹, G. Ciullo⁹, M. Contalbrigo⁹, P. F. Dalpiaz⁹, W. Deconinck⁵, R. De Leo², L. De Nardo¹¹^,5, E. De Sanctis¹⁰, M. Diefenthaler¹⁴^,8, P. Di Nezza¹⁰, M. Düren¹², M. Ehrenfried¹², G. Elbakian²⁶, F. Ellinghaus⁴, R. Fabbri⁶, A. Fantoni¹⁰, L. Felawka²², S. Frullani²¹, G. Gapienko¹⁹, V. Gapienko¹⁹, G. Gavrilov⁵^,18^,22, V. Gharibyan²⁶, F. Giordano⁵^,9, S. Gliske¹⁵, M. Golembiovskaya⁶, L. Grigoryan²⁶, C. Hadjidakis¹⁰, M. Hartig⁵, D. Hasch¹⁰, A. Hillenbrand⁶, M. Hoek¹³, Y. Holler⁵, I. Hristova⁶, Y. Imazu²³, A. Ivanilov¹⁹, H. E. Jackson¹, H. S. Jo¹¹, S. Joosten¹⁴, R. Kaiser¹³^,b, G. Karyan²⁶, T. Keri¹³^,12, E. Kinney⁴, A. Kisselev¹⁸, N. Kobayashi²³, V. Korotkov¹⁹, V. Kozlov¹⁶, P. Kravchenko⁸^,18, V. G. Krivokhijine⁷, L. Lagamba², L. Lapikás¹⁷, I. Lehmann¹³, P. Lenisa⁹, A. López Ruiz¹¹, W. Lorenzon¹⁵, X. -G. Lu⁶, X. -R. Lu²³, B. -Q. Ma³, D. Mahon¹³, N. C. R. Makins¹⁴, S. I. Manaenkov¹⁸, L. Manfré²¹, Y. Mao³, B. Marianski²⁵, A. Martinez de la Ossa⁵^,4, H. Marukyan²⁶, C. A. Miller²², Y. Miyachi²³^,c, A. Movsisyan²⁶, V. Muccifora¹⁰, M. Murray¹³, A. Mussgiller⁵^,8, E. Nappi², Y. Naryshkin¹⁸, A. Nass⁸, M. Negodaev⁶, W. -D. Nowak⁶, L. L. Pappalardo⁹, R. Perez-Benito¹², A. Petrosyan²⁶, M. Raithel⁸, P. E. Reimer¹, A. R. Reolon¹⁰, C. Riedl⁶, K. Rith⁸, G. Rosner¹³, A. Rostomyan⁵, J. Rubin¹^,14, D. Ryckbosch¹¹, Y. Salomatin¹⁹, F. Sanftl²⁰^,23, A. Schäfer²⁰, G. Schnell⁶^,11^,30^,d^,*, B. Seitz¹³, T. -A. Shibata²³, V. Shutov⁷, M. Stancari⁹, M. Statera⁹, E. Steffens⁸, J. J. M. Steijger¹⁷, J. Stewart⁶, F. Stinzing⁸, S. Taroian²⁶, R. Truty¹⁴, A. Trzcinski²⁵, M. Tytgat¹¹, A. Vandenbroucke¹¹, Y. Van Haarlem¹¹, C. Van Hulse¹¹, D. Veretennikov¹⁸, V. Vikhrov¹⁸, I. Vilardi², C. Vogel⁸, S. Wang³, S. Yaschenko⁶^,8, Z. Ye⁵, S. Yen²², W. Yu¹², V. Zagrebelnyy⁵^,12, D. Zeiler⁸, B. Zihlmann⁵ and P. Zupranski²⁵

¹ Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 60439-4843, Argonne, Illinois, USA
² Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70124, Bari, Italy
³ School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
⁴ Nuclear Physics Laboratory, University of Colorado, 80309-0390, Boulder, Colorado, USA
⁵ DESY, 22603, Hamburg, Germany
⁶ DESY, 15738, Zeuthen, Germany
⁷ Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980, Dubna, Russia
⁸ Physikalisches Institut, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
⁹ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
¹⁰ Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, 00044, Frascati, Italy
¹¹ Department of Subatomic and Radiation Physics, University of Gent, 9000, Gent, Belgium
¹² Physikalisches Institut, Universität Gießen, 35392, Gießen, Germany
¹³ SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK
¹⁴ Department of Physics, University of Illinois, 61801-3080, Urbana, Illinois, USA
¹⁵ Randall Laboratory of Physics, University of Michigan, 48109-1040, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
¹⁶ Lebedev Physical Institute, 117924, Moscow, Russia
¹⁷ National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef), 1009 DB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
¹⁸ Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, 188300, Leningrad Region, Russia
¹⁹ Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, 142281, Moscow Region, Russia
²⁰ Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
²¹ Gruppo Collegato Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, 00161, Roma, Italy
²² TRIUMF, V6T 2A3, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²³ Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 152, Tokyo, Japan
²⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, VU University, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
²⁵ National Centre for Nuclear Research, 00-689, Warsaw, Poland
²⁶ Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036, Yerevan, Armenia
³⁰ Department of Theoretical Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48080, Bilbao, Spain

^* e-mail: gunar.schnell@desy.de

Received: 26 July 2011
Accepted: 29 August 2011
Published online: 27 September 2011

Abstract

Hadron multiplicities in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering were measured on neon, krypton, and xenon targets relative to deuterium at an electron(positron)-beam energy of 27.6GeV at HERMES. These ratios were determined as a function of the virtual-photon energy , its virtuality Q², the fractional hadron energy z and the transverse hadron momentum with respect to the virtual-photon direction p_t. Dependences were analysed separately for positively and negatively charged pions and kaons as well as protons and antiprotons in a two-dimensional representation. Compared to the one-dimensional dependences, some new features were observed. In particular, when z > 0.4 positive kaons do not show the strong monotonic rise of the multiplicity ratio with as exhibited by pions and negative kaons. Protons were found to behave very differently from the other hadrons.