https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2018-12626-y
Letter
The enhancement of v4 in nuclear collisions at the highest densities signals a first-order phase transition
1
Akita International University, 010-1292, Yuwa, Akita-city, Japan
2
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
3
Institut für Theoretishe Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
4
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291, Darmstadt, Germany
* e-mail: nara@aiu.ac.jp
Received:
14
September
2018
Accepted:
4
October
2018
Published online:
6
November
2018
The beam energy dependence of 
(the quadrupole moment of the transverse radial flow) is sensitive to the nuclear equation of state (EoS) in mid-central Au + Au collisions at the energy range of 
GeV, which is investigated within the hadronic transport model JAM. Different equations of state, namely, a free hadron gas, a first-order phase transition and a crossover are compared. An enhancement of at 
GeV is predicted for an EoS with a first-order phase transition. This enhanced flow is driven by both the enhancement of 
as well as the positive contribution to from the squeeze-out of spectator particles which turn into participants due to the admixture of the strong collective flow in the shocked, compressed nuclear matter.
© The Author(s), 2018
