https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00350-w
Regular Article – Theoretical Physics
Thermal radiation and inclusive production in the running coupling 
-factorization approach
1
Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1371, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
2
Instituto de Física e Matemática, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Caixa Postal 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
Received:
4
October
2020
Accepted:
6
January
2021
Published online:
30
January
2021
The characteristics of the thermal radiation are investigated using a two-component model, with the hard component being described by the Color Glass Condensate formalism. The inclusive transverse momentum spectra of charged hadrons produced in proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions at LHC energies and large - 
are estimated using the running coupling -factorization formula and the solution of the Balitsky–Kovchegov equation. Our results indicate that the thermal term is necessary to describe the experimental data and that the effective thermal temperature has an energy dependence similar to the saturation scale. We demonstrate that the enhancement of the thermal temperature in pPb collisions is consistent with that predicted by the saturation scale.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
