https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00372-4
Review
Isoscalar transitions and 
cluster structures in heavy nuclei
1
Department of Pure and Applied Physics, Kansai University, Osaka, Japan
2
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
Received:
30
September
2020
Accepted:
19
January
2021
Published online:
22
February
2021
Isoscalar monopole and dipole transitions are investigated in the medium and heavier systems, such as 
and even 
nuclei by employing the macroscopic cluster model of 
and 
, respectively. Theoretical calculations predict that the strengths of the monopole and dipole transitions are strongly enhanced in the excitation energy below 10 MeV. These low-lying enhancements are induced by the excitation in the relative motion of the cluster and the residual nucleus, and the magnitudes of the transition matrix element are comparable to the single nucleon excitation, which requires much higher excitation energy than the energy for the excitation. The electric dipole strength is also calcluated for 
with the cluster model of 
, which is a kind of nuclear waste. The application of the monopole and dipole transitions involving the emission to the nuclear transmutation of the nuclear wastes is also discussed.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021
