Eur. Phys. J. A (2021) 57: 84
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00396-w

Review

The islands of shape coexistence within the Elliott and the proxy-SU(3) Models

¹ Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics, National Centre of Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15310, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
² Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15784, Athens, Greece
³ Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
⁴ Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72 Tzarigrad Road, 1784, Sofia, Bulgaria

^a martinou@inp.demokritos.gr

Received: 23 December 2020
Accepted: 1 February 2021
Published online: 2 March 2021

Abstract

A novel dual–shell mechanism for the phenomenon of shape coexistence in nuclei within the Elliott SU(3) and the proxy-SU(3) symmetry is proposed for all mass regions. It is supposed, that shape coexistence is activated by large quadrupole-quadrupole interaction and involves the interchange among the spin–orbit (SO) like shells within nucleon numbers 6–14, 14–28, 28–50, 50–82, 82–126, 126–184, which are being described by the proxy-SU(3) symmetry, and the harmonic oscillator (HO) shells within nucleon numbers 2–8, 8–20, 20–40, 40–70, 70–112, 112–168 of the Elliott SU(3) symmetry. The outcome is, that shape coexistence may occur in certain islands on the nuclear map. The dual–shell mechanism predicts without any free parameters, that nuclei with proton number (Z) or neutron number (N) between 7–8, 17–20, 34–40, 59–70, 96–112, 146–168 are possible candidates for shape coexistence. In the light nuclei the nucleons flip from the HO shell to the neighboring SO–like shell, which means, that particle excitations occur. For this mass region, the predicted islands of shape coexistence, coincide with the islands of inversion. But in medium mass and heavy nuclei, in which the nucleons inhabit the SO–like shells, shape coexistence is accompanied by a merging of the SO–like shell with the open HO shell. The shell merging can be accomplished by the outer product of the SU(3) irreps of the two shells and represents the unification of the HO shell with the SO–like shell.