Eur. Phys. J. A (2021) 57: 251
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00559-9

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Phenomenological investigation of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the partonic luminosities in high energy LHC physics

Department of Physics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

^b taghavishahri@um.ac.ir

Received: 3 May 2021
Accepted: 21 July 2021
Published online: 5 August 2021

Abstract

The phenomenological investigation of parton distribution functions (PDFs) based on the “valon” model presented here from the QCD $\otimes$ QED coupled DGLAP evolution equations in the Mellin space. The PDFs are calculated at the next to leading order $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$ in QCD, and we consider the QED effects at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha )$; $\mathcal{O}(\alpha {\alpha }_s)$ and $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }^2)$ approximations. We also investigate in detail the phenomenological implications of these PDFs on the partonic luminosities. We conclude that at the region of the large values for the di-lepton’s invariant mass, the luminosity combinations, quark–quark, quark–antiquark and gluon–gluon, get closer to the luminosity involving photons, suggesting possibly non-negligible phenomenological implications due to the photon channel. We Also done a perfect comparison of our results with those obtained by the NNPDF2.3QED set, NNPDF3.1luxQED set and APFEL and there are a nice agreement between them. We demonstrate the necessity of including QED corrections and photon-induced contributions for a correct determination of the parton distribution functions and partonic luminosities.