https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00754-2
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Gravitational waves from holographic QCD phase transition with gluon condensate
Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOS), Central China Normal University, 430079, Wuhan, China
Received:
21
February
2022
Accepted:
26
May
2022
Published online:
6
June
2022
In this paper, we discuss the holographic first order QCD phase transition with gluon condensate and the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) from the phase transition. The first order QCD phase transition is dual to the first order Hawking–Page phase transition from holography. We study the first order Hawking–Page phase transition from the thermal dilatonic phase to the dilatonic black hole phase and find the phase transition temperature is proportional to the gluon condensate. After substituting into the phenomenological value of gluon condensate from QCD sum rules, we find 
MeV. In further research, we study the GWs generated from holographic cosmic first order QCD phase transition with gluon condensate and the produced GWs might be detected by the International Pulsar Timing Array, Square Kilometre Array and Big-Bang Observer. Moreover, the gluon condensate suppresses the energy density of total GWs and peak frequency.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2022
