https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00949-1
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Non-equilibrium cumulants within model A from crossover to first-order phase transition side
1
Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, 710127, Xi’an, China
2
College of Physics and Communication Electronics, Jiangxi Normal University, 330022, Nanchang, China
Received:
29
September
2022
Accepted:
8
February
2023
Published online:
21
February
2023
We study the non-equilibrium cumulants of the chiral order parameter field (
field) in different phase transition scenarios via Langevin dynamics. Cumulants up to fourth-order have been calculated based on the spacetime-dependent configurations from the event-by-event numerical simulations. By limiting the cooling of the system in a Hubble-like way, the out-of-equilibrium cumulants illustrate clear memory effects during the evolution. Both the signs and the magnitudes of the high-order cumulants differ from the equilibrium ones below the phase transition temperature. Especially, the dynamical cumulants grow more intensively from the first-order phase transition side than they do from the crossover side. In addition, analysis of the high-order off-equilibrium cumulants on the hypothetical freeze-out lines present non-monotonic curves in the large chemical potential region.
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