https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-00954-4
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Composite pulses for population transfer in the interaction of two-level nuclear systems with X-ray laser pulses
Department of Physics Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box 179, Ardabil, Iran
Received:
6
September
2022
Accepted:
13
February
2023
Published online:
23
February
2023
Population transfer of two-state nuclei interacting with a train of composite X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses has been investigated theoretically. In this study, we calculate the effective intensity of the XFEL pulse for each nucleus so that the time temporal pulse area of Rabi frequency is equal to 
. We show that with increasing the number of composite pulses, even with a significant deviation of the effective intensity of the laser beam from the calculated value, the population is completely transferred from the ground state to the excited state. For numerical study, nuclei with a high lifetime in the excited state, compared to the XFEL laser pulse duration, have been selected so that the effect of spontaneus emission can be neglected. Finally, it has been shown that despite the detuning effects, by increasing the number of XFEL composite pulses as well as the effective intensity of the laser pulse, the population is completely transferred to the excited state.
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