https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-023-01048-x
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Transport model calculations of nuclear stopping from Fermi energy to GeVs/nucleon
1
Department of Physics, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
2
Department of Physics, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, 500078, Hyderabad, India
Received:
30
November
2022
Accepted:
5
June
2023
Published online:
23
June
2023
We performed a detailed investigation on various observables of nuclear stopping viz energy isotropy ratio, momentum isotropy ratio, vartl and, isospin tracer observable for central collisions of various reactions from Ca+Ca to Au+Au as guided by INDRA and FOPI measurements using Isospin-dependent Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model calculations. Energy dependence, system size dependence, fragment size dependence, and isospin effects in the degree of equilibration are examined for a soft momentum-dependent equation of state supplemented with free and reduced NN cross-sections. A confrontation of our calculations with experimental measurements of various nuclear-stopping observables reveals that a much simpler form of reduction factor (a scaling of free nucleon-nucleon cross-section) is to be implemented in the present transport approach to predict most of the nuclear-stopping data on energy, system size, and isospin dependence. The lack of a much-sophisticated form of in-medium effects though induces a systematic uncertainty of the order of 0.1 in favored values of reduction (scaling) factor, with an average scaling factor of 0.8 to be incorporated from tens of MeV/nucleon to around 1 GeV/nucleon.
Copyright comment Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
