https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-024-01270-1
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Role of chemical potential at kinetic freeze-out using Tsallis non-extensive statistics in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
1
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, Indore, India
2
INFN-Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126, Bologna, BO, Italy
3
UCT-CERN Research Centre and Physics Department, University of Cape Town, 7701, Rondebosch, South Africa
Received:
8
January
2024
Accepted:
13
February
2024
Published online:
6
March
2024
The charged-particle transverse momentum spectra (
-spectra) measured by the ALICE collaboration for pp collisions at 
7 and 13 TeV have been studied using a thermodynamically consistent form of Tsallis non-extensive statistics. The Tsallis distribution function is fitted to the 
-spectra and the results are analyzed as a function of final state charged-particle multiplicity for various light flavor and strange particles, such as 
. At the LHC energies, particles and antiparticles are produced in equal numbers. However, the equality of particle and antiparticle yields at the kinetic freeze-out may imply that they have the same but opposite chemical potential which is not necessarily zero. We use an alternative procedure that makes use of parameter redundancy, by introducing a finite chemical potential at the kinetic freeze-out stage. This article emphasizes the importance of the chemical potential of the system produced in pp collisions at the LHC energies using the Tsallis distribution function which brings the system to a single freeze-out scenario.
Jean Cleymans: Deceased.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
