https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-024-01338-y
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Bulk properties of charged particles as a function of pseudo-rapidity in pp collisions
1
School of Mathematics, Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hubei University of Automotive Technology, 442002, Shiyan, People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Mardan, Pakistan
3
College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, UAE
4
Future University in Egypt (FUE), End of 90th Street, Fifth Settlement, 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
5
Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, Northern Border University, Rafha, Saudi Arabia
6
Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
a waqas_phy313@yahoo.com, 20220073@huat.edu.cn
b ajaz@awkum.edu.pk, muhammad.ajaz@cern.ch
c
a.hajismail@ajman.ac.ae
Received:
2
September
2023
Accepted:
13
May
2024
Published online:
10
June
2024
We conduct a study on the kinetic freezeout conditions of charged particles produced in pp collisions at 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV in different pseudo-rapidity centers of bins. We extract the freezeout parameters by analyzing the CMS data with the help of the blast wave model with Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Our analysis reveals that the kinetic freezeout temperature, kinetic freezeout volume, and mean transverse momentum of the particles, exhibit a declining trend with increasing pseudo-rapidity. In contrast, the transverse flow velocity shows an opposite trend. It is also observed that the kinetic freezeout temperature, mean transverse momentum, and kinetic freezeout volume, increase with increasing the collision energy. Furthermore, we plot the correlations among the parameters. We report a positive correlation between the kinetic freezeout temperature and kinetic freezeout volume, and kinetic freezeout temperature and mean transverse momentum. In contrast, the correlation between the kinetic freezeout temperature and transverse flow velocity is negative. Our findings provide valuable insights into the dynamics of pp collisions and shed light on the properties of the produced particles under different energy and pseudo-rapidity conditions. This knowledge is crucial for further advancing our understanding of high-energy physics and the behavior of matter under extreme conditions.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
