https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01515-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
enhancement with non-thermalized bottom quarks in nuclear collisions at large Hadron collider
1
Physics Department, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
2
SUBATECH, Université de Nantes, IMT Atlantique, IN2P3/CNRS, 4 Rue Alfred Kastler, 44307, Nantes Cedex 3, France
3
Helmholtz Research Academy Hesse for FAIR (HFHF), GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Physics, 60438, Campus Frankfurt, Germany
4
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Received:
21
August
2024
Accepted:
21
January
2025
Published online:
4
March
2025
We study production in high-energy nuclear collisions in a transport approach with dissociation and regeneration at finite temperatures. Due to the rare production in p+p collisions and the strong combination of uncorrelated c and 
quarks in the quark-gluon plasma, the yield is significantly enhanced in the nuclear collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Moreover, the centrality and momentum-dependent yield of sensitively reflect the thermalization degree of bottom quarks. And the newly observed experimental data favors a far from the thermal bottom quark distribution in the quark-gluon plasma.
© The Author(s) 2025
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