Amplitude determination for , and cross-sections for in a chiral model

S. P. Klevansky; R. H. Lemmer; Alireza Beygi

doi:10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01524-6

2023 Impact factor 2.6

Hadrons and Nuclei

Open Access

Eur. Phys. J. A (2025) 61: 49
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01524-6

Regular Article - Theoretical Physics

Amplitude determination for $M M \to M M$ $M M \rightarrow M M$ , $M = π, K$ $M = \pi , K$ and cross-sections for $γ γ \to π^{+} π^{-}, π^{0} π^{0}, π^{0} η$ $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \pi ^+ \pi ^-, \pi ^0 \pi ^0, \pi ^0 \eta$ in a chiral model

S. P. Klevansky¹, R. H. Lemmer² and Alireza Beygi³^a

¹ Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
² Physics Department, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
³ Institute of Computer Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60325, Frankfurt, Germany

^a alirezabeygi389@gmail.com

Received: 22 August 2024
Accepted: 20 February 2025
Published online: 13 March 2025

Abstract

Dai and Pennington have performed a comprehensive analysis of essentially all pion and kaon pair production data from two-photon collisions below 1.5 GeV, including all high statistics results from Belle, as well as the older data from Mark II at SLAC, CELLO at DESY, and Crystal Ball at SLAC. Imposing the basic constraints required by analyticity, unitarity, and crossing symmetry and making use of Low’s low-energy theorem for QED, they were able to extract the final-state, strong-interaction scattering amplitudes for the intermediate $π π \to π π$ $\pi \pi \rightarrow \pi \pi$ and $π π \to K \bar{K}$ $\pi \pi \rightarrow K \overline{K}$ reactions in a model-independent fashion. In addition, they provided good fits to the respective $γ γ \to π π$ $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \pi \pi$ cross-sections that are known in the low-energy sector in the restricted angular range, $| cos θ | < 0.6 - 0.8$ $| \cos \theta | < 0.6 - 0.8$ . Using the parameters obtained in this fashion, these authors constructed the $γ γ \to π π$ $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \pi \pi$ cross-sections integrated over the full angular range. In the present work, we use a version of chiral perturbation theory developed by Oller and Oset to evaluate the final-state, strong-interaction amplitudes theoretically, and we compare our low-energy QCD-based results with the amplitudes extracted by Dai and Pennington. We also calculate the $γ γ \to π π$ $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \pi \pi$ cross-sections (integrated over the full angular range) and compare them with those obtained by Dai and Pennington. These calculations give a more detailed insight into the fit of chiral perturbation theory, not just to the measured $γ γ \to π π$ $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow \pi \pi$ cross-sections, as is usually presented, but rather to a higher level of detail through the available analysis of the experimental data for the underlying final-state, strong-interaction, meson–meson scattering amplitudes $π π \to π π$ $\pi \pi \rightarrow \pi \pi$ and $π π \to K \bar{K}$ $\pi \pi \rightarrow K \overline{K}$ themselves. The fits appear to be sensible over the energy range considered. The detailed calculations of strong-interaction transition matrices, as presented in this paper, also pave the way to address the possible presence of the postulated kaonium atom $K^{+} K^{-}$ $$K^+ K^-$$ in the cross-section.

Communicated by David Blaschke.

R. H. Lemmer—deceased.

© The Author(s) 2025

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