https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-025-01577-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Universal mass equation for equal-quantum excited-states sets I
1
Prof. Emeritus of Physics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1001 Auburn Dr. SW, 24060, Blacksburg, VA, USA
2
Institute for Nuclear Studies, Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 20052, Washington, DC, USA
Received:
16
April
2025
Accepted:
17
April
2025
Published online:
12
May
2025
The masses of fifteen baryon sets and twenty-four meson sets of three or more equal-quantum excited states, using Breit–Wigner PDG masses and their uncertainties at fixed 
for baryons and 
for mesons, are fitted by a simple two-parameter logarithmic function, 
, where n is the level of radial excitation. The conjecture is made that accurately measured masses of all equal-quantum baryons (including LHCb exotic 
s) and meson excited states (including 
, 
, 
, 
, and 
states) are related by the logarithmic function used here; at least for the mass range of currently known excited states. The baryon “star” rating case is evaluated. The Cornell potential is an example of how a logarithmic behavior can be explained by an appropriate potential. Thus, a “universal mass equation” (UME) for equal-quantum excited-state sets is presented.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
