Eur. Phys. J. A (2020) 56: 188
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-020-00192-y

Regular Article –Theoretical Physics

Energy scan/dependence of kinetic freeze-out scenarios of multi-strange and other identified particles in central nucleus–nucleus collisions

¹ Institute of Theoretical Physics & State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
² Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
³ School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
⁴ Department of Physics, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
⁵ Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People’s Republic of China

^* e-mail: fuhuliu@163.com
^** e-mail: fuhuliu@sxu.edu.cn

Received: 2 May 2020
Accepted: 1 July 2020
Published online: 23 July 2020

Abstract

The transverse momentum (mass) spectra of the multi-strange and non-multi-strange (i.e. other identified) particles in central gold–gold (Au–Au), lead–lead (Pb–Pb), argon–muriate (Ar–KCl) and nickel–nickel (Ni–Ni) collisions over a wide energy range have been studied in this work. The experimental data measured by various collaborations have been analyzed. The blast-wave fit with Tsallis statistics is used to extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity from the experimental data of transverse momentum (mass) spectra. The extracted parameters increase with the increase of collision energy and show the trend of saturation at the Beam Energy Scan (BES) energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). This saturation implies that the onset energy of the phase transition of partial deconfinement is 7.7 GeV and that of whole deconfinement is 39 GeV. Furthermore, the energy scan/dependence of kinetic freeze-out scenarios are observed for the multi-strange and other identified particles, though the multiple freeze-out scenarios are also observed for various particles.