https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00401-2
Regular Article - Experimental Physics
Proton-induced reactions on Fe, Cu, and Ti from threshold to 55 MeV
1
Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
2
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
3
Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, 53705, Madison, WI, USA
4
Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 52242, Iowa City, IA, USA
Received:
3
January
2020
Accepted:
15
February
2021
Published online:
15
March
2021
Theoretical models often differ significantly from measured data in their predictions of the magnitude of nuclear reactions that produce radionuclides for medical, research, and national security applications. In this paper, we compare a priori predictions from several state-of-the-art reaction modeling packages (CoH, EMPIRE, TALYS, and ALICE) to cross sections measured using the stacked-target activation method. The experiment was performed using the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 88-Inch Cyclotron with beams of 25 and 55 MeV protons on a stack of iron, copper, and titanium foils. Thirty-four excitation functions were measured from 4–55 MeV, including the first measurement of the independent cross sections for (p,x)
,
, and
. All of the models, using default input parameters to assess their predictive capabilities, failed to reproduce the isomer-to-ground state ratio for reaction channels at compound and pre-compound energies, suggesting issues in modeling the deposition or distribution of angular momentum in these residual nuclei.
© The Author(s) 2021. corrected publication 2021
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.