Eur. Phys. J. A (2024) 60: 91
https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-024-01281-y

Review

Radiative corrections: from medium to high energy experiments

¹ Department of Physics, The George Washington University, 20052, Washington, DC, USA
² Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, Stony Brook University, 11794, Stony Brook, NY, USA
³ RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Lab, 11973, Upton, NY, USA
⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
⁵ Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 15738, Zeuthen, Germany
⁶ Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, USA
⁷ Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching, MA, Germany
⁸ Excellence Cluster “Origins”, 85748, Garching, Germany
⁹ Institute of Nuclear Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
¹⁰ PRISMA+ Cluster of Excellence, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55099, Mainz, Germany
¹¹ Laboratory for Particle Physics, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
¹² Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, Lund University, 223-62, Lund, Sweden
¹³ Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Charles University, 180 00, Prague, Czech Republic
¹⁴ Department of Physics, Hampton University, 23668, Hampton, VA, USA
¹⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of South Carolina, 29208, Columbia, SC, USA
¹⁶ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, 48201, Detroit, MI, USA
¹⁷ Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, GSI, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
¹⁸ Department of Physics, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
¹⁹ Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 87545, Los Alamos, NM, USA
²⁰ Département de Physique Nucléaire, IRFU, Commissariat á l’énergie atomique et Université Paris Saclay, 91190, Paris, France
²¹ Institute for Particle Physics Phenomenology, University of Durham, DH1 3LE, Durham, UK

^a afanas@gwu.edu
^b jan.bernauer@stonybrook.edu
^c johannes.bluemlein@desy.de
^d ethan.cline@stonybrook.edu
^e hagelste@uni-mainz.de
^f husek@ipnp.mff.cuni.cz
^g s.schadmand@gsi.de
^h adrian.signer@psi.ch
^j yannick.ulrich@durham.ac.uk

Received: 29 June 2023
Accepted: 21 February 2024
Published online: 24 April 2024

Abstract

Radiative corrections are crucial for modern high-precision physics experiments, and are an area of active research in the experimental and theoretical community. Here we provide an overview of the state of the field of radiative corrections with a focus on several topics: lepton–proton scattering, QED corrections in deep-inelastic scattering, and in radiative light-hadron decays. Particular emphasis is placed on the two-photon exchange, believed to be responsible for the proton form-factor discrepancy, and associated Monte-Carlo codes. We encourage the community to continue developing theoretical techniques to treat radiative corrections, and perform experimental tests of these corrections.