https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-024-01313-7
Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Evidence of fractal structures in hadrons
1
Instituto de Física - Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Departamento de Física, CFM-Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, SC-CP. 476, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, Brazil
3
Departamento de Matematica e Estatística, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
4
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas and National Institute of Science and Technology of Complex Systems, Rua Xavier Sigaud 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
5
Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, 87501, Santa Fe, NM, USA
6
Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädter Strasse 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
Received:
30
January
2024
Accepted:
10
April
2024
Published online:
26
April
2024
This study focuses on the presence of (multi)fractal structures in hadronic matter through the momentum distributions of mesons produced in proton-proton collisions between 23 GeV and 63 GeV. The analysis demonstrates that the q-exponential behaviour of the particle momentum distributions is consistent with fractal characteristics, exhibiting fractal structures in confined hadronic matter with features similar to those observed in the deconfined quark-gluon plasma (QGP) regime. Furthermore, the systematic analysis of meson production in hadronic collisions at energies below 1 TeV suggests that specific fractal parameters are universal, independently of confinement or deconfinement, while others may be influenced by the quark content of the produced meson. These results pave the way for further research exploring the implications of fractal structures on various physical distributions.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
